Sail driven ships still load cargo in the old port. Today, in the Kota area of Jakarta, one can find echoes of the seagoing legacy that built the city. There has been a port at the mouth of Ciliwung River since 397 AD, when King Purnawarman established the city he called Sunda Kelapa. The coffee was shipped to Europe from the port of Batavia (now Jakarta). Indonesia was the first place, outside of Arabia and Ethiopia, where coffee was widely cultivated. Coffee arriving in Amsterdam sold for high prices, 1 kg (2 lb) costing nearly one per cent of the average annual income. The plants grew, and in 1711 the first exports were sent from Java to Europe by the Dutch East India Company-formally Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie and abbreviated VOC-reaching 2,000 pounds shipped in 1717. The second shipment of seedlings was sent in 1699 with Hendrik Zwaardecroon. The first seedlings failed due to flooding in Batavia.

The Dutch governor in Malabar (India) sent arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings from Yemen to the Dutch governor of Batavia (now Jakarta) in 1696. In general, Indonesia's arabica coffee varieties have low acidity and strong bodies, which make them ideal for blending with higher-acidity coffees from Central America and East Africa.Ĭoffee plantation in Dutch East Indies circa 1870–1900 Of the exports, 25% are arabica beans the balance is robusta. Of this total, it is estimated that 154,800 tons were slated for domestic consumption in the 2013–2014 financial year. Indonesia produced an estimated 660,000 metric tons of coffee in 2017. Indonesia is geographically and climatologically well-suited for coffee plantations, near the equator and with numerous interior mountainous regions on its main islands, creating well-suited microclimates for the growth and production of coffee.

Coffee cultivation in Indonesia began in the late 1600s and early 1700s, in the early Dutch colonial period, and has played an important part in the growth of the country.

Indonesia was the fourth-largest producer of coffee in the world in 2014. Coffee being roasted at Toko Aroma, Bandung, Indonesia

Sumatra mandheling arabica